Capsicum frutescens L.

SYNONYM(S) : Capsicum fastigiatum Blume, Capsicum minimum Roxb., Capsicum minimum Blanco, nom.illeg.

AFRIKAANS : Brand rissie.

ARABIC :     دار  فُلْفُل    Dâr fulful,   Dar feller (Yemen), فُلْفُل حَار   Filfil har (Irak) , فُلْفُل أحْمَر  Filfull harr (Lebanese), Filfilianhar,  فُلْفُل   Felfel (Egypt),  الفلفل الأحمر  , فلفل الأحمر  .

ASSAMESE :   জলকীয়া    Jolokia.

AYMARA : Huayca.

BENGALI :   কাঁচা লঙ্কা Kancha lanka, কাঁচা লঙ্কা  Lanka, Lanka marich, Morich, Lal marich.

BURMESE : Nga yut thee, Nil thee.

CHINESE : La jiao, Mi jiao, Ye la zi, Ye jiao zi.

CROATIAN : Paprika ljuta.

CZECH :  Pálivá paprika, Pepř cayenský.

DANISH : Spanskpeber.

DUTCH : Spaanse peper.

ENGLISH : Bird pepper, Chili pepper, Goat pepper, Hot chili, Pungent pepper, Spur pepper, Chilli, Bird's-eye chilli, Cayenne pepper (ingredient - dried powder).

FINNISH : Chilipippuri.

FRENCH : Piment des oiseaux, Piment enragé.

GERMAN : Ziegenpfeffer, Vogelpfeffer, Roter Pfeffer, Chili Pfeffer.

GREEK :  Καφστικι πιπερα Kafstiki pipera (Cyprus),  Καυτερές πιπεριές  Kavterés piperiés, Πιπέρι καγιέν  Piperi kagien,  Τσίλι  Tsíli.

GUJARATI :   લાલ મરચું  Lal marchum, લીલા મરચું  Lila marchum, મરચું  Marchum, Mirch, Mirchi.

HEBREW : Adom,   פַּפְּרִיקָה חֲרִיפָה   Paprika harifah,   פִּלפֵּל אָדוֹם   Pilpel adom, Pilpel harif.

HINDI : मिर्च  Mirch,   लाल मिर्च  Lal mirch, Lalmirchi, Lankamirchi.

ITALIAN : Peperone acre, Peperone d'India, Peperone rabbioso, Pepe d'ucello, Pepe rosso picante, Peperoncino, Diavoletto, Pepperoncini (group name for all small peppers).

JAPANESE :   Kidachi tougarashi.

KANNADA : Menshinkai,  ಮೆಣಸಿನ ಕಾಯಿ  Menasina kayi, Menasina kai, Menashina kayi.

KOREAN :  카이엔고추  Kaien gochu,  고추  Kochu.

LAOTIAN : Mak phe kunsi.

MALAY (Indonesia) : Lombok cabai, Cabai merah, Cabai rawit.

MALAY (Malaysia) : Cili padi, Lada merah, Lada mira.

MALAYALAM :    ചുവന്നമുളക് Chuvanna-mulagu (red), കാന്താരി  Kanthari, മുളക്  Mulagu, പച്ചമുളക്  Paccha-mulagu (green),  Mologu, Kapu mologu, Kappalmelaka.

NEPALESE :  खुर्सानी  Khursani,   रातो खुर्सानी   Ratô khursani.

PERSIAN :  فلفل  Felfel.

PORTUGUESE :  Pimenta-malagueta, Pimentão (Brazil).

PUNJABI : Lal mircha.

ROMANIAN : Ardei iute.

RUSSIAN :  Перец кустарниковый  Perets kustarnikovyj,   Struchkovy pyerets.

SANSKRIT :    मरिचिफल  Marichiphala.

SINHALESE : Gas miris, Rathu miris.

SLOVAKIAN : 

SLOVENIAN : Ostra paprika.

SPANISH : Ají, Chile, Guindilla, Pimienta picante.

SWAHILI : Pilipili, Piri piri, Peri peri.

SWEDISH : Chilipeppar, Spansk peppar.

TAGALOG : Sili, Sili pula, Siling labyo, Siling labuyo .

TAMIL :   மிளகாய்  Milagai .

TELUGU :  మిరపకాయ  Mirapakaya,  మిరపకాయలు  Mirapakayalu , Merapu kai .

THAI :  พริก ชี้ฟ้า  Phrik chīfā (Phrik kee fa , Prik kee fah , Phrik chee faa),   พริกขี้หนู    Phrik khīnū (Phrik kee nu, Phrik kheenuu).

TURKISH : Dar biber.

URDU :    لال مرچ    Lal mirch,  Lalmarach,   ہری مرچ   Hari mirch, Gach mirch.

VIETNAMESE :  Ớt.

Picture of typical fruit (from the Botanical Garden of Nijmegen 's Image Gallery)

Picture of fruit variations (from Texas AM Bioinformatics Working Group's Vascular Plant Image Gallery , a picture that will challenge people tempted to identify peppers by the shape of their fruits.

Note:  Considered as a synonym of Capsicum annuum L. by some (ex: Flora of Taiwan) but as a different species by others (ex: Flora of Pakistan, Flora Europaea, ISTA list of stabilized names 2007).
The Thai name "Phrik khīnū"  is also applied to some cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. It is very difficult to find out precisely which. It would also depend on whether the 2 species are true synonyms or not.

ENGLISH : Hot short pepper.

Picture (from the Botanical Garden of Nijmegen 's Image Gallery)

SYNONYM(S) : Capsicum baccatum L. var. baccatum

CHINESE : Wu se la jiao.

ENGLISH : Peruvian pepper, Bird pepper, Hot cherry pepper.

FRENCH : Piment ornemental du Pérou.

ENGLISH : Hot cherry pepper.

SYNONYM(S) : Capsicum conoides Roem. & Schult.

CHINESE : La jiao, Zhi tian jiao, Chao tian jiao, Chao tian la jiao, Chang bing jiao, Yuan zhui la jiao.

ENGLISH : Hot cone pepper, Hot bullet pepper, Cayenne pepper (ingredient - dried powder).

NEPALESE : Cucce khursaanii.

VIETNAMESE : .

SYNONYM(S) : Capsicum fasciculatum Bailey, Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum ( Fasciculatum Group), Capsicum annuum L. var. fasciculatum (Sturt.) Irish.

CHINESE : Chao tian fan jiao, Cu sheng jiao, Cu sheng la jiao.

ENGLISH : Cluster pepper, Red cluster pepper, Cayenne pepper (ingredient - dried powder).

HINDI :  Suryamukhi.

JAPANESE : Yatsubusa, Santaka.

VIETNAMESE : -.

SYNONYM(S) : Capsicum frutescens L. ('Tabasco Group), Capsicum frutescens L. cv. 'Tabasco'.

CHINESE : La jiao you.

ENGLISH : Tabasco pepper.

VIETNAMESE : .

Andrews Jean, Dr., 1995, Peppers - The Domesticated Capsicums, University of Texas Press, Austin, USA. (English, Latin with authority names, Quechuan, Spanish, extremely detailed descriptions of cultivars)

Bederski Stefan, 1998, Peruvian Ají Descriptions, Thomas J. Payne Market Development. http://www.tjpmd.com/aji1.htm

Bedevian A. K. 1936, Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Nmaes, Argus & Papazian Presses, Cairo. (Latin, Arabic, Armenian, English, French, German, Italian, Turkish).

Breen Jim Prof., 1994 - 1997 KANJI On-line Dictionary. (Japanese-hiragana-kanji-katakana-romaji).

Caselton Graeme, 1998, Chile Pepper Varieties, http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~gcaselton/chile/variety.html

Caselton Graeme, 1998, Chile Peppers, List of common names and synonyms (35 languages).

Clason W. E. 1989, Elsevier's Dictionary of Wild and Cultivated Plants, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Latin (no authority name), Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish.

Compiling Group 1981, A Classified and Illustrated Chinese - English Dictionary, Guangzhou Institute of Foreign Languages, Guangdong People's Publishing House. (Chinese-simplified, English, Latin).

Creber G. & Wrobel M. 1996, Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Latin (no authority name), English, French, German, Italian.

deWitt Dave & Gerlach Nancy, 1990, The Whole Chile Pepper Book, Little, Brown & Company, Toronto, Canada.

ECHO-EURODICAUTOM, On-line Technical Dictionary in 11 languages provided by Information Market Europe, served by The University of Frankfurt, maintained by Jens Kurlanda. (Latin, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish).

EUTERPE, European Parliament, TRADOS MultiTerm Web Interface in 12 languages. (Latin, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish).

FLORA EUROPAEA, 1998, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom. (Latin with authority names).

Friedl Jeffrey, 1994 - 1997, Japanese <-> English On-Line Dictionary. (Japanese-hiragana-kanji-katakana-romaji).

Hong Kong Herbarium, 1978, Check List of Hong Kong Plants, Agriculture & Fisheries Department Bulletin n°1. (Chinese-traditional, Latin with authority names).

I. S. T. A. Nomenclature Committee, 1982, A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names, Field Crops, Grasses & Vegetables, Second Edition, International Seed Testing Association, Zürich, Switzerland. (35 languages).

Kress Henriette, 1994 - 1998, On Line Plant Name Database. English, Finnish, French, German, Latin (no authority name), Swedish.

Macura P. 1982, Elsevier's Dictionary of Botany, II General Terms, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. English, French, German, Russian.

Motosuke Suzuki, 1970, Practical Dictionary of Agricultural English, Noogyootosho Co. Ltd. Tokyo. (English, Japanese-kanji, Japanese-katakana).

Pham-hoang Ho, 1993, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam, Tome II, Fascicule 2, Montréal. (Latin with authority names, French, English, Vietnamese, text in Vietnamese, some in English).

Solomon Jim, 1998, W³TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden's VAST (VAScular Tropicos) nomenclatural database and associated authority files. (Latin with authority names).

Sugahara Tatsuyuki et al. 1992, New Edition of an Illustrated Encyclopedia of Japanese Ingredients, Kenpakusha. (Latin with authority names, Japanese-hiragana, Japanese-katakana , Japanese-kanji, text in Japanese).

Tanaka Tyôzaburô, 1976, Tanaka's Cyclopedia of Edible Plants of the World, Edited by Sasuke Nakao, Keigaku Publishing Co. Tokyo, Japan. (Latin with authority names, English, French, German, Hindi, Japanese-romaji).

Vaucher H. 1986, Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees and Shrubs, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Latin (with authority names), English, French, German, Italian.

Wiersema John H. Dr, 1997, USDA-ARS GRIN database. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl? (A number of languages, some romanised, Latin with authority names).

Xie Zongwa & Yu Youqin (Editors), 1996, Materia Medica, Chinese Terminology, Vol. 1, Renminweisheng Publishing House Beijing, China. (Latin with authority names and Chinese-simplified, text in Chinese).

General Bibliography Thousands of names can be found in hundreds of books. This is only a selection.

Avinash Chopde 1998, ITRANS transliteration package to download or use on-line. Applies to most main languages from India. Links to very useful transliteration tables.

Caselton Graeme, 1998, Capsicum Varieties Database. A scientifically-based site specialised in peppers. The most comprehensive listing of pepper cultivars (mostly American) on the www in1998.

Jeffrey Friedl , 1994 - 1997 , Japanese <-> English Dictionary. Probably the most comprehensive resource of all on-line resources for any given language.

Jeffrey Friedl (jfriedl@ora.com) 1994 - 1998, Kanji Lookup An extremely useful resource not limited to Japanese but relevant to Chinese and Korean languages.

Jeyachandran Kopinath 1995 - 1998, Tamil language resources, including transliteration tables & sounds.

Mike Bowers 1996 - 1998, Chile - Heads. A site specialised in peppers. Includes a photo gallery, useful links to culinary tips, etc.

Yamada Language Center 1995 - 1998, Font Archive University of Oregon. Foreign Fonts for both Macintosh and PC and languages resources.

Yvan Terra d'Ys, 1997, Arabic Alphabet. Syria On Line. Arabic characters in GIF form linked to corresponding sounds.

1. No doubt some of the synonyms are under the wrong botanical names which ones ?

2. Where would you place the following names and groups of names, under which botanical names ? What are the correct transliterations / romanisations ?

Date created: 22 / 07 / 1997
Authorised by Prof. Snow Barlow
Last modified: 14 / 09 / 2010
Access: No restriction
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Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher